We often recognize our brain signaling the gut when we feel hungry or stressed, but the gut also continuously communicates with the brain explains Dr. Kristin Scaplen of Bryant University.

A healthy or unhealthy gut directly impacts brain function and behavior says Scaplen a neuroscientist and assistant professor in the School of Health and Behavioral Sciences Psychology department. Maintaining a diverse and balanced microbiome can help lower the risk of various physical and mental health conditions.

Gut-Brain Communication
The brain a key part of the human nervous system communicates with the body through electrical signals and neurotransmitters. This system consists of two main components: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system . Additionally it includes the enteric nervous system discovered in the 1980s which plays a crucial role in digestion.

The gut and brain communicate through the vagus nerve which extends from the brainstem to the abdomen. While signals travel in both directions, Dr. Kristin Scaplen notes that about 90% of the communication moves from the gut to the brain. She explains that gut microbiota produce neurotransmitters and precursor molecules which can then travel to the brain.  

Eating a healthy diet supports a balanced gut microbiome which in turn promotes brain health Scaplen says. She emphasizes that microbiome imbalances can disrupt neurotransmitters stress responses and contribute to chronic inflammation. When gut inflammation occurs those inflammatory signals also reach the brain. Inflammation in the brain affects nearly all aspects of its function potentially leading to dysfunction neuronal damage and even cell death.

While we have some understanding of the gut-brain connection much remains to be explored says Dr. Kristin Scaplen. She points out that many individuals with anxiety and depression also experience digestive issues suggesting that an imbalanced gut may contribute to these and other disorders.  

There is also evidence linking gut health to brain development.  

Some research suggests that individuals on the autism spectrum may have disruptions in their microbiome Scaplen explains. While we cant say this is a direct cause there is a clear relationship as they often show deficiencies in certain aspects of gut health. She also highlights the gut’s potential role in the risk and progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. For Alzheimer’s, she notes that following a Mediterranean diet may help slow cognitive decline and reduce overall risk. 

For years, we’ve focused on how neurons communicate and influence behavior thoughts and perceptions. Now, we’re taking a broader more holistic approach examining supporting brain cells their impact on neurons and how gut health plays a role. This deeper perspective helps us better understand how the entire body works together for optimal function she explains.

Source: https://news.bryant.edu/how-does-gut-microbiome-impact-brain-health-bryant-neuroscientist-analyzes-connection